Showing posts with label grads. Show all posts
Showing posts with label grads. Show all posts

Thursday, December 17, 2015

Beware inspirational online images – they may be more insidious than you think

Loved this opinion piece. A great piece. Thanks to social media, every ignorant moron in the world (who has access to internet & social media) blatantly & very easily shares inspirational pics & quotes, without thinking even for a couple minutes, what is that inspirational pic or quote is saying.

I agree that we all need inspirational stories, pictures, & quotes from time to time, to push us in the right direction, to do whatever is necessary to do, to achieve our goals. But, these inspirational items need to be taken with some context.

Nowadays, I've come across a lot of Paulo Coelho's quotes. Now, he might be a great person. He might be the nicest guy one will ever meet. But, several of his "inspirational" quotes rub me the wrong way. Why? Now, there's nothing wrong with those inspirational quotes, in & of themselves. And we have to keep in mind that those quotes might have been taken out of context, too. But, many of his quotes are not suitable for Muslims. And it really bothers me when Muslims 'like' or 'share' his quotes all over social media. His quotes are coming out from his background in Christianity or perhaps, non-Islamic, background.

Similarly, & as the opinion piece correctly points out, it is much easier to say "when there's a will, there's a way" than actually finding a way to resolve the problem. If we say that to graduates in Canada, Australia, Greece, Spain, Italy etc. that they can find a way to climb out of poverty & find a great job, then you may prove yourself a complete ignorant. It's not easy for everyone to do anything there is to do to climb out of poverty. There are several external factors, which are out of one's own control. Perhaps, they are disabled, or hold a religious belief that prohibits them from working in certain industries.

For instance, as a devout Muslim, I refuse to work in financial services, alcoholic beverage, arms manufacturing, casinos & gambling industries. Heck, I cannot even work for real estate brokerage firms because then I have to sell mortgages, which involves interest-based payments. Many more grads are struggling in the job market because they don't have the right connections in the labour market, since academic qualifications mean nothing.

So, it's very easy to quickly share mind-numbingly stupid & inane "inspirational" quotes & pictures, but if we stop for a minute & think before clicking that "like" or "share" button, then we'll realize that without context, that "inspirational" quote or pic is meaningless.
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http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jul/10/inspirational-online-images-daniel-cabrera-homeless-filipino

While walking past a McDonald’s restaurant in the Philippines a medical student, Joyce Torrefranca, spotted a young boy sitting outside doing his homework at an improvised table. It was late in the evening, but the boy could read & write using the lights coming from the nearby restaurant.

Moved by the scene, Torrefranca took a photograph & posted it on Facebook. “For me as a student,” she wrote, “it just hit me a lot, like, big time.”

Torrefranca wasn’t the only one inspired by the nine-year-old boy without a home. Since Daniel Cabrera’s house burned down, he has reportedly been living in a food stall with his mother & 2 brothers. His father is dead. Reports also say he owns only one pencil. A second pencil was stolen from him.

As the story went viral, people emerged to help the boy, giving him books, pencils & crayons. He also received a battery-powered lamp so he would no longer have to do his homework in the car park. A fundraising page was set up to help cover the costs of his schooling.

This is far from the first inspirational story to attract attention online. Whether it’s a limbless man surfing, a cancer survivor climbing some of the world’s highest peaks or a homeless woman making it all the way to Harvard, we are easily touched by these stories, & there’s nothing strange or wrong with that. But we might want to examine some of the reasons why we – or others – love them so much, or at least question the conclusions some of us wish to draw from them.

One tabloid newspaper has recommended parents show the picture of the hardworking boy to their children next time they are moaning. In a similar vein, someone has turned the picture into an inspirational postcard with the caption: “If it is important to you, you will find a way. If not, you’ll find an excuse.”

In these interpretations, the picture is used to suggest that there are no excuses for failure or poverty. Even if you are poor & live in a makeshift home, you have the choice to work yourself out of that predicament. All you need is determination, willpower & the right, can-do attitude. Private troubles, whether poverty or unemployment, should remain private troubles. They should not be regarded as public issues because that is merely a way of trying to find an excuse. Such is the lesson we should teach ourselves & take from this.

It is depressingly easy to find other examples of this mindset today, the idea that we can all rise above our circumstances – however difficult – through a programme of self-improvement.

In Los Angeles, for instance, the New Village Charter High School is using transcendental meditation not just to release stress but also, in the words of its principal, Javier Guzman, “to combat poverty”. This may help some of the children to achieve better results at school. But the problem is not personal when the bottom income quartile in the US make up only 5% of enrolments in top universities.

Another proposal to fight poverty comes from the US Republican politician Paul Ryan. Inspired by the writer Ayn Rand, he recently presented an anti-poverty plan in which he proposed poor people should sit down with a life coach & develop an “opportunity plan”.

This might sound a uniquely north American venture but Sweden, popularly known as the land of equality & welfare, is probably the country that has come closest to achieving Ryan’s dream.

In the course of only 4 years, the Swedish state paid out 4.7bn Swedish krona (£360m) to job coaches. The actual benefits of this initiative have proved modest, & the methods used by these coaches, including healing & therapeutic touching, have been called into question.

But more problematic than their questionable usefulness is that these methods implicitly encourage socially vulnerable groups, whether poor or unemployed, to stop looking for answers in the public sphere. They are told instead that the barrier lies within themselves.

One US study, which followed unemployed white-collar workers who attend support organisations, found that jobseekers were encouraged to stop reading the newspaper and go on a “news fast”. They were also asked to stop using the word “unemployment”, since that would betray a negative attitude.

Similar observations were made in Ivor Southwood’s auto-ethnographic account of UK jobcentres, Non-Stop Inertia, in which he describes how jobseekers are told to do “three positive things per week” or else they might be disciplined.

In his recent ethnography of the Swedish equivalent of Jobcentre Plus, Roland Paulsen describes mandatory humiliating exercises, so-called brag rounds, in which the long-term unemployed are encouraged to show off in front of their fellow jobseekers.

In a distressing article recently published in Medical Humanities it was suggested that these types of exercises, intended to modify attitudes, beliefs & personality, have become a political strategy to eradicate the experience of social & economic inequality.

Again, there is nothing wrong with being moved by a picture of a young boy concentrating hard on his homework. But we should remember that pictures of this kind may serve more sinister purposes when paired with “inspirational” messages. Serious discussion of external circumstances – including a proper understanding of inequality – is not helped by the suggestion that the only thing holding a person back is their attitude.

Monday, November 23, 2015

Monday, May 4, 2015

Job market quality in decline with lower wages & higher self-employment

This article is one in many, saying the same thing that the quality of jobs keeps decreasing all over Canada, & in fact, all over North America & Europe. When the recession started back in 2008, nobody was expecting that the recession will continue on for 7 years & still continuing on. That recession structurally changed the mindset of employers & their hiring practices.

In the meanwhile, the general public kept & still keep upgrading their skills, especially their educational skills, to the point that now the Canadian public has a surplus of designated accountants, MBAs, Masters, engineers, & other professionals. Technology is also doing its fair bit in removing those jobs which require the repetitive kind of work or even easier work, e.g. bookkeeping (quite a few cloud-based services are available for self-employed people to do their own bookkeeping, & hence, bookkeeping profession is going into oblivion).

So, as Benjamin Tal says, a section of the public, especially the "employer" section now has choices in hiring for whatever position they want to fill. Since, they are receiving hundreds of resumes for every position, they are making the criteria harder or just relying on networking, which creates its own set of hurdles for job seekers.

One of these criteria are now employers requiring years of related work experience & university-level education even for an entry-level job. Since, the employers have choices, they are also "bullying" their employees by giving far more work to one employee & making employees feel that they better do what they are given, at the measly salary they are getting, because they are replaceable & there will always be someone who is willing to do their work for the same amount of money.

On top of that, as per one of the reports shown on CBC's National in April 2015, that Canada is creating a lot of positions, but they are mostly part-time & contracts (as this article also says). Why? Because, employers save on paying for benefits, & they still get their work done.

So, the whole lifestyle of the public is on a downhill slope. Incomes are falling. Benefits are decreasing. Hours of work are increasing. Productivity is rising. Competition for a fewer & fewer office jobs are decreasing. Thanks to free trade deals, like NAFTA & TPP, manufacturing will keep flowing out of labour-expensive, developed countries to cheaper-labour developing countries. Not all people can become MBAs & become managers in a decreasing number of companies or not all people can become entrepreneurs, either.

Result: Immigrants who are skilled & mobile will move out of the country (Canada, US, UK, Europe) to wherever they find better opportunities in terms of salary, career advancement, raising a family etc ... essentially, brain drain. People who are not mobile or not skilled have no choice but to stay put & endure whatever conditions they are given. But that has a limit. Eventually, those people will rebel & then, there will be chaos & destruction, as we can see, what's been happening in Greece.
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The Canadian economy continues to create jobs at a fairly steady pace, but questions are mounting over the quality of those new positions.

Several reports have concluded that the country’s job market is not as strong as it looks & now a study from Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce paints an even worse picture. According to the bank’s analysis, job quality has fallen to its lowest level in more than 2 decades. A CIBC index that measures 25 years worth of data on part-time versus full-time work, paid versus self-employment & compensation trends, has fallen to its lowest level on record.

The Bank of Canada’s new measure of labour market indicators also showed “slack” in the jobs market & it has noted “ongoing labour market challenges” such as a low participation rate among core-aged Canadians. Another report from the Toronto-Dominion Bank last month pointed to more weakness than the unemployment rate suggests.

The trend has implications for the broader economy. A lack of hours along with a prevalence of lower-wage jobs & self-employment underscore why many households are having difficulty shoring up savings & why consumer spending may taper off this year.

As household finances get squeezed, the risk is that debt – already near record levels – could grow further, leaving people more vulnerable to any type of economic shock. “After every recession, [job quality] goes down, but it doesn’t fully catch up. So there is almost a permanent loss every time that there is a shock,” said Benjamin Tal, CIBC’s deputy chief economist. This is why the decline in employment quality “is more structural than cyclical.”

One notable shift is that a smaller portion of the labour market now has higher bargaining power, or high-paying jobs, while a larger segment has lower bargaining power, he said. “This is the main reason why the income gap is rising, which I believe is the number one economic, social issue facing the country in this decade.”

The CIBC index tracks 3 components, all of which are showing a deterioration. The first indicated that the number of part-time positions has risen “much faster” than that of full-time jobs since the 1980s. (Over the past year, though, some of this has reversed as full-time jobs rose faster). Self-employment is another measure, as economists tend to view it as less stable &, on average, lower paying than salaried employment. The number of self-employed workers has been on a “steeper incline” over the past 25 years, & in the past year grew 4 times faster than the number of paid employees, the CIBC report said.
 
On compensation, the bank said low-paying full-time jobs have risen faster than mid-paying jobs over much of the past 2 decades, which in turn have risen more quickly than high-paying jobs. And in the past year “the job-creation gap between low- & high-paying jobs has widened,” with low-wage full-time paid positions rising at twice the pace of high-paying jobs.
 
The retail sector, which tends to be much lower-paying, is the largest source of employment by sector in Canada. It’s also a industry that may soon start to see job losses as Target ... & other retailers such as Sony, Smart Set & Mexx close shop amid fierce competition.
 
Definitions of job quality – & what constitutes “precarious” work – vary. Wilfred Laurier University economics professor Tammy Schirle cautioned against relying too heavily on assumptions that part-time work is necessarily of poorer quality than full-time employment.
 
Dr. Schirle noted that employers who offer flexible work schedules are often praised for accommodating work-life balance for families.

We rally behind startups, innovators & the ambitious small-business owner, & then say the work they’ve created for themselves is substandard?” she said in an interview Thursday. Part-time & self-employment often reflect poor-quality jobs, as does much of full-time employment, but that is not always the case. They are certainly important indicators of what is happening in our labour market, but I’m reluctant to use these as key indicators of job quality.”

It has been a difficult stretch for some job seekers. Going from laid off, to underemployed, to contract work, Richard Vanderbeek, 24, is now looking for a job – again. It’s something he has done 4 times in less than 3 years. He wants to start a career in customer service, but can’t seem to get his foot in the door.

I’ve found that even customer-service jobs, some of them would require university programs & they’re still only offering minimum wage to start,” said Mr. Vanderbeek, who lives in Toronto. “Even with the amount of schooling you have to have to get it, there’s still no real incentive through pay.”

While finding work has been difficult, finding work that pays enough, offers enough hours to offset the cost of living & provides advancement opportunities has been next to impossible. After leaving culinary school unfinished, Mr. Vanderbeek worked at a delicatessen & then a butcher. The deli downsized & eliminated his position, & after 6 months with the butcher, he knew he had to make a change.

I realized that my max earnings I could make was essentially $14 an hour,” Mr. Vanderbeek said. “I had to move on in order to find something that could pay me a little more down the line.”

Federal Employment Minister Pierre Poilievre responded to the CIBC report’s findings with a statement that said Canada’s job creation record is one of the strongest in the Group of Seven.

Given the ongoing uncertainty in the global economy, it is important that our government continue to keep taxes low for families & job creators,” he said.
 
Mr. Tal, at CIBC, says the situation shows a mismatch in the labour market, where “we have many educated people are compromising on contract jobs, on self-employment jobs, low-paying jobs because they don’t have the skill-set that those high-paying jobs need. And that’s why their bargaining power isn’t as powerful.”
 
We do need the young people to be a bit more practical about what they do, in terms of field of studies.”

Sunday, April 26, 2015

Academia has to stop eating its young

A great article on how education, enroute to becoming a business, is treating the core of its workers; educators, esp. non-tenured professors. Just like store workers in businesses, e.g. WalMart, McDonald's, Starbucks etc are paid minimum wage, non-tenured professors in Canadian & multitude of American post-secondary institutions are being paid peanuts & are hired on contracts, so they are also devoid of beefy benefits.
 
When these educators are treated as such, then why would they ever put so much effort to teach the next generation of students? How can education system become better when its providers are themselves financially insecure & are always worried about their contract renewals & wages? How will this affect the quality of the education in post-secondary institutions?
 
On the side note, Ontario just released its 2015 budget, & to come up with balanced budgets in 2017, provincial government is going to cut its funding to education & healthcare. This means universities will either increase tuition (higher prices for its customers; students) or decrease educators' expenses by lowering or keeping their wages constant (decreasing supplier costs), or perhaps doing both to increase their profit margins.
 
If this trend continues, which it seems like it will, the quality of education being provided by public universities will go down while private universities will start opening up (many are available in US) to provide higher quality of education. As I have blogged previously on many occasions that similar to healthcare, education will then become two-tiered, like it's in developing countries, e.g. in South Asia. Rich will send their kids to private universities, while poor will send their kids to public ones, which by the way, are still not that cheap & tuition keeps rising.

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In the long run, contract teaching needs to be abolished.
It’s not just the abysmal pay – roughly on the order of $7,500 per course with teaching load varying from 2 to 8 courses a year, usually falling somewhere in the lower middle – or the chronic uncertainty of pay-per-course four-month non-renewable contracts. It’s that contract faculty, no matter how highly qualified or dedicated they may be, are permanently consigned to the shadows of academia.
 
The job of contract faculty is to slip into the classroom, deliver the prescribed aliquot of education, & then slip out again. They may spend weeks or months creating course materials & teaching strategies, but too often, this knowledge simply vanishes with them as they take up the next dismal temp job & a new cohort of students begins from zero.
 
Needless to say, it’s a singular path. Contract faculty aren’t generally paid to develop or update courses, aren’t usually invited to sit on curriculum committees ... . They are mostly excluded from student & campus events unless they participate on a voluntary basis & they have no obvious prospect of career advancement, ever.
 
In the short term, creating what is essentially an academic underclass is probably a neat way to cut costs. In the long run, universities cannot function as vibrant hubs of intellectual activity when they are staffed in large part by a merry-go-round of temporary instructors who sometimes barely know their tenured peers or even each other.
 
At least part of the problem is that universities are torn by competing policy objectives.
 
On one hand, we recognize the value of a well-educated society; postsecondary institutions are swollen with record quantities of students & someone has to teach them. On the other, Canada is in hot pursuit of invention & innovation, & professors who excel at research are often rewarded with “teaching release” to enable them to produce more of it.
 
More research requires more graduate-level students – but once these bright young things have finished slogging out 4 to 6 years of laboratory or field work to gain their PhDs, what fate awaits them? Under the current regime, many are simply plowed directly back into the system as contract faculty, paid peanuts to teach mass quantities of undergraduates. And the cycle perpetuates – the profession feasts on its young.
 
... When you are paid for a minimum number of hours, why not do the minimum amount of work? Why bother reporting academic dishonesty when it takes unpaid time & untold effort? Why bother with interactive classroom technologies when reading PowerPoint slides aloud is just so much easier? Why pour untold hours into supporting troubled students who might reach out with problems ranging from drug addiction to sexual assault?
 
Finally, recall that in the absence of any other markers, contract faculty live & die by the student evaluation. Why bother ensuring that exams are challenging, rigorous & fair when it’s hardly a trade secret that the quickest way to ensure “student satisfaction” is simply to inflate their grades? The fact is that most contract faculty do bother, & the reason is quite simple: They are genuinely passionate educators. Without this passion to sustain them, most would have quit long ago.
 
To many, the resolution to this is a quick, painful death: Contract teaching should mostly cease to exist. Instructors cannot be treated as dispensable when they are clearly anything but.
 
Instead, universities should create a permanent roster of salaried teaching positions, resorting to contract faculty only when desperate. Institutions such as McMaster University & the University of Waterloo have already moved in this direction, having recognized that professors need time, resources & a modicum of security to deliver the continuity, relevance & attention to detail that world-class postsecondary instruction demands.
 
A great education isn’t meted & doled out by the hour, & great educators cannot exist in quarantine from the rest of the academic community.