Showing posts with label contract. Show all posts
Showing posts with label contract. Show all posts

Thursday, November 19, 2015

I am an adjunct professor who teaches 5 classes. I earn less than a pet-sitter

Not surprised at reading this article. But I am indeed sad at what is happening to our world. The world is unfair but it is just getting to an absurdly low point. Education is becoming meaningless in this modern world. Educated people who are without any influential networks are being used as mere slaves; jobs with low pay & without much benefits, if any.

People who are making six-figures or even millions are doing it by either exploiting others or themselves. All of the rich people in the modern world have become rich by trampling the basic human dignity, for example, by paying the federally-mandated minimum wages, which are themselves quite low. Some others are making money by exploiting narcissistic trends in social media or taking off their clothes in front of the camera. For example, some gamers, fashion & media vbloggers, Miley Cyrus, the Kardashian clan, most, if not all, rappers & hip hop artists, & of course, even the porn stars.

People who are working hard to teach & build the next generation are being treated like mere pawns. What message is being shown to the young minds of next generation? That it is better to go in sales (where one doesn't really need a relevant education & just be good in hustling or lying with a straight face), start making own videos for social media on completely inane topics, start twerking & dancing in front of millions, & of course, porn industry is another great option, too.

What kind of society are we expecting when the teacher of the next generation is being paid less than the cashier or grocery bagger at your local grocery store? After all, a simple cost-benefit analysis would lay the facts bare that just graduating secondary school is far better, since it's free (at least in North America, Europe, & some Asian countries) & that young kid won't even have to waste time, money (thousands of $$$ in most cases) in university, & his/her effort, to receive minimum wages, or perhaps, even less.

Frankly, why the world keeps shouting that education is important for everyone. It is indeed important, when the educated person is treated the way he/she deserves to be treated. It is indeed important in a meritocracy. But that's not the world we are living in right now. Grads are unemployed & burdened with student loans. Whereas, people who didn't go to university, but are good in selling (whatever they are selling) are swimming in cash.

Then, how can we expect this modern world to be any better than the world of yore? Then, how can we expect any kind of fairness in this world when the people with whom we are dealing got where they are by "selling" themselves, their morals, & their ethics?
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Like most university teachers today, I am a low-paid contract worker. Now & then, a friend will ask: “Have you tried dog-walking on the side?” I have. Pet care, I can reveal, takes massive attention, energy & driving time. I’m friends with a full-time, professionally employed pet-sitter who’s done it for years, never topping $26,000 annually & never receiving health or other benefits.

The reason I field such questions is that, as an adjunct professor, whether teaching undergraduate or law-school courses, I make much less than a pet-sitter earns. This year I’m teaching five classes (15 credit hours, roughly comparable to the teaching loads of some tenure-track law or business school instructors). At $3,000 per course, I’ll pull in $15,000 for the year. I work year-round, 20 to 30 hours weekly – teaching, developing courses & drafting syllabi, offering academic advice, recommendation letters & course extensions for students who need them. ...

I receive no benefits, no office, no phone or stipend for the basic communication demands of teaching. I keep constant tabs on the media I use in my classes; if I exhaust my own 10GB monthly data plan early, I lose vital time for online discussions with my students. This, although the university requires my students to engage in discussions about legal issues & ethics six days a week, & I must guide as well as grade these discussions.

Three of my Philadelphia-area friends are adjuncts with doctorate degrees. One keeps moving to other states for temporary teaching posts. The others teach at multiple sites to keep afloat financially – one at no less than seven colleges & universities.

Having heard all my life about solid “government job” benefits, I figured I might have more stability, & still be able to handle teaching, if I worked for the Post Office. I started carrying mail in early January. As a City Carrier Assistant, I earned less pay than regular postal carriers do, though I did more than “assist”: my job was to handle absentee carriers’ routes. I had no medical insurance, no sick leave allowance & had to agree to work as much as managers deemed necessary for 360 consecutive days (whereupon I could sign up for a second 360-day contract, with no promise that it would bring me any closer to a permanent job offer). I worked on Sundays too, under the US Postal Service’s contract with Amazon.com. With human flaws – I fell on ice more than once – I was no match for the drones Amazon intends to deploy. After 2 months on the job, which was long enough to develop a lifetime fear of Rottweilers, I was behind in my university work. I turned in my cap.
In late March, I started a retail job. It offers real days off, & I expect to be eligible for health & dental benefits soon.

Last week, a friend came in to shop, saw me, & exclaimed, loud enough for all to hear: “What are you doing here?” Friends who know I hold two law degrees & teach at a university can’t fathom that my teaching doesn’t cover rent. Some writers have discussed adjuncts waiting tables or bagging groceries alongside their students as though it’s the ultimate degradation. I see things differently. I’m trained by the people who deliver parcels, serve meals & bag groceries & who might, any day, apply to take my courses. I am their equal, & I know it at a level most established faculty members do not.

Faculty members do not even interact with each other as equals. Most adjuncts aren’t included in regular faculty meetings, let alone conferences where ideas are exchanged & explored. A concept called the inclusive fees campaign seeks to make conferences affordable for adjuncts. (It focuses on PhDs, but could encompass teachers whose positions require law degrees or other alternative qualifications.) “Inclusivity” for a systematically exploited group is only a patch. But it’s good to see established professors challenged to acknowledge contingent workers, who now comprise the preponderance of the faculty community. Yes, of the 1.2 million instructional staff appointments in US higher education, 76% – more than 900,000 – are now contingent.

We are working for institutions that claim to open doors to career opportunities even as they etch contingency into their hiring practices. The significance of the inclusive fees campaign lies in its implicit question: how will the schools hear our voices over the silence of the tenured?

Even more daunting than the dearth of dollars is the fragmentation of the adjunct’s time. Recently, an editor at the University of Oregon School of Law asked if I’d be a conference panelist. Can I travel, yet still clock enough hours at my second job to stay above the threshold for health insurance?

Every day I live two people’s lives, & it’s fatiguing. Every day I need more time with students while being pulled away from them.

The best that could come of the adjunct crisis is a teaching community broadly committed to the civility & inclusivity we’ve been missing. This could lead to a new kind of education, based not on ranking, not on status, but on genuine guidance for living with decency & respect on this planet.

A conference on this is well overdue – & I don’t want to miss it while watching the time clock.

Monday, September 7, 2015

'Precarious employment' still rising in Toronto & Hamilton

Since, I've written some blog posts on employment situation in Toronto, I won't write a long post again, except, highlighting a few stats from this article.

- precarious employment includes people in temp & contract work, along with those with uncertain work schedules, irregular earnings, inconsistent hours of work or jobs without benefits, & also includes some self-employed people as precarious, only if they have irregular, unpredictable work

- almost half (44%) of adults in Toronto & Hamilton are in precarious employment

- once someone is in precarious employment, chances are high that they are going to be in trapped in it

- workers in precarious employment are almost twice as likely to report worse mental health than those in secure positions

- visible minorities are far more likely to be working in unstable jobs

- “Not only has work become less secure for racialized workers, but also the pay has actually decreased for them,” said Wayne Lewchuk, McMaster professor of labour studies & economics

- precarious employment has grown almost twice as fast as standard employment since 1997

- more men are landing in precarious employment, while white women are the only ones who are getting more secure employment & less precarious employment

- In Toronto, only 45.7% of respondents are now holding permanent full-time jobs with benefits

- 47% of Canadian firms in a recent Deloitte poll said they plan to increase the use of “contingent, outsourced, contract or part-time” workers in the next 3 to 5 years
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Precarious employment is becoming more prevalent in Canada’s largest city, a shift that is putting financial strain & emotional stress on households.

44% of adults in the Greater Toronto & Hamilton Area work in jobs that have some degree of insecurity, a study ... says. That share, which includes people working through temp agencies, freelancers & contract workers, is greater than the last time the survey was conducted in 2011, when it was 41%.

The new study is based on a survey of 4,193 people & produced by United Way Toronto & McMaster University.

The changing nature of work carries a broad impact. For many workers, unstable employment means less access to training & opportunities to get ahead, fewer benefits, more trouble managing finances & more anxiety. The effect spills into family & home life too, making it difficult to pay for school trips & plan any activities ... .

The study also looked at whether people are able to climb out of insecure employment. “One of the biggest ‘ah has’ for us was that no, in fact – if you are in precarious employment, there’s a very good chance you’re going to become trapped in it,” said Susan McIsaac, president & CEO of United Way Toronto. This is the case not just for those in low-income work, but “for many people in the middle class, this was a huge challenge in being able to maintain their middle-class status.”

Its definition includes people in temp & contract work, along with those with uncertain work schedules, irregular earnings, inconsistent hours of work or jobs without benefits. It counts some self-employed people as precarious, only if they have irregular, unpredictable work.

That’s the case for Anna Withrow. She has been largely self-employed since 2001, as a communications & marketing consultant, & says erratic earnings have wreaked havoc with her life.

“Cash flow has been the biggest crippling thing,” said Ms. Withrow, 45, who lives in Toronto. Her income has ranged from $24,000 to about $77,000, with no income at all in some months, & she has worked anywhere between 40 & 100 hours per week.

The impact has been both financial – a run-up in debts, making it difficult to pay the mortgage & finish renovations – & physical too, leading to acute stress, a less nutritious diet & weight gain. “If the right position came along, I would take it tomorrow.”

Workers in precarious jobs are almost twice as likely to report worse mental health than those in secure positions, the survey shows. Nearly half of them say they often don’t know their work schedules at least a week in advance. Scheduling uncertainty makes it hard to find child care.

Visible minorities are far more likely to be working in unstable jobs.

“Not only has work become less secure for racialized workers, but also the pay has actually decreased for them,” said Wayne Lewchuk, McMaster professor of labour studies and economics.

The study comes as the provincial government is reviewing its employment & labour laws, noting that non-standard work has grown almost twice as fast as standard employment since 1997.

By gender, a growing share of men are landing in precarious employment, he noted, likely a result of fewer factory jobs, while white women “are the only group in the study who saw an increase in secure employment & a decrease in precarious employment.”

The longer-term trend points to more insecure employment, said Prof. Lewchuk. “Each time there’s a recovery, the level of security is a little bit lower than the previous boom. I think this is because the competitive pressures are greater – firms are looking to cut costs … technology has changed, & there’s an infrastructure where they can go to temp agencies, & get not just unskilled workers, but they can get CEOs now.”

The results show almost six in 10 workers hold some form of secure employment — with 48% in permanent, full-time jobs that pay some benefits, & 8% permanent, part-time employees. This share has slightly fallen. Meanwhile, the portion of people in the least secure type of work, dubbed “precarious,” grew to 28.5% last year from 25.9% 3 years earlier.

In the city of Toronto, less than half, or 45.7%, of respondents are now holding permanent full-time jobs with benefits.

A debate has emerged over precarious employment – how it’s defined & what the long-term trends are. One analysis, by Toronto-Dominion Bank in March, found precarious employment levels in Canada are higher than before the recession, though they’re currently declining. It said this type of work often tracks business cycles, & that precarious employment will remain “elevated” over the next 2 years.

A 2013 paper by the Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity found a growing number of workers in Toronto are employed in temporary, part-time, low-paying positions in routine-service industries.

Almost half, or 47%, of Canadian firms in a recent Deloitte poll said they plan to increase the use of “contingent, outsourced, contract or part-time” workers in the next 3 to 5 years, a strategy the consulting firm says helps give firms the ability to scale up or down as business needs fluctuate.

In a global report ..., the Organization for Economic Co-operation & Development said workers on temp contracts in Canada have “particularly low annual earnings” & that the annual median earnings of the self employed are also “considerably lower” compared with salaried workers.

...

The paper recommends a range of measures, including the need for ensuring all workers have access to skills & work training, to developing – & sharing – the business case for secure employment. At the federal level, it called for better labour market information & for updating employment insurance rules to better fit with today’s jobs market.

Monday, May 4, 2015

Job market quality in decline with lower wages & higher self-employment

This article is one in many, saying the same thing that the quality of jobs keeps decreasing all over Canada, & in fact, all over North America & Europe. When the recession started back in 2008, nobody was expecting that the recession will continue on for 7 years & still continuing on. That recession structurally changed the mindset of employers & their hiring practices.

In the meanwhile, the general public kept & still keep upgrading their skills, especially their educational skills, to the point that now the Canadian public has a surplus of designated accountants, MBAs, Masters, engineers, & other professionals. Technology is also doing its fair bit in removing those jobs which require the repetitive kind of work or even easier work, e.g. bookkeeping (quite a few cloud-based services are available for self-employed people to do their own bookkeeping, & hence, bookkeeping profession is going into oblivion).

So, as Benjamin Tal says, a section of the public, especially the "employer" section now has choices in hiring for whatever position they want to fill. Since, they are receiving hundreds of resumes for every position, they are making the criteria harder or just relying on networking, which creates its own set of hurdles for job seekers.

One of these criteria are now employers requiring years of related work experience & university-level education even for an entry-level job. Since, the employers have choices, they are also "bullying" their employees by giving far more work to one employee & making employees feel that they better do what they are given, at the measly salary they are getting, because they are replaceable & there will always be someone who is willing to do their work for the same amount of money.

On top of that, as per one of the reports shown on CBC's National in April 2015, that Canada is creating a lot of positions, but they are mostly part-time & contracts (as this article also says). Why? Because, employers save on paying for benefits, & they still get their work done.

So, the whole lifestyle of the public is on a downhill slope. Incomes are falling. Benefits are decreasing. Hours of work are increasing. Productivity is rising. Competition for a fewer & fewer office jobs are decreasing. Thanks to free trade deals, like NAFTA & TPP, manufacturing will keep flowing out of labour-expensive, developed countries to cheaper-labour developing countries. Not all people can become MBAs & become managers in a decreasing number of companies or not all people can become entrepreneurs, either.

Result: Immigrants who are skilled & mobile will move out of the country (Canada, US, UK, Europe) to wherever they find better opportunities in terms of salary, career advancement, raising a family etc ... essentially, brain drain. People who are not mobile or not skilled have no choice but to stay put & endure whatever conditions they are given. But that has a limit. Eventually, those people will rebel & then, there will be chaos & destruction, as we can see, what's been happening in Greece.
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The Canadian economy continues to create jobs at a fairly steady pace, but questions are mounting over the quality of those new positions.

Several reports have concluded that the country’s job market is not as strong as it looks & now a study from Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce paints an even worse picture. According to the bank’s analysis, job quality has fallen to its lowest level in more than 2 decades. A CIBC index that measures 25 years worth of data on part-time versus full-time work, paid versus self-employment & compensation trends, has fallen to its lowest level on record.

The Bank of Canada’s new measure of labour market indicators also showed “slack” in the jobs market & it has noted “ongoing labour market challenges” such as a low participation rate among core-aged Canadians. Another report from the Toronto-Dominion Bank last month pointed to more weakness than the unemployment rate suggests.

The trend has implications for the broader economy. A lack of hours along with a prevalence of lower-wage jobs & self-employment underscore why many households are having difficulty shoring up savings & why consumer spending may taper off this year.

As household finances get squeezed, the risk is that debt – already near record levels – could grow further, leaving people more vulnerable to any type of economic shock. “After every recession, [job quality] goes down, but it doesn’t fully catch up. So there is almost a permanent loss every time that there is a shock,” said Benjamin Tal, CIBC’s deputy chief economist. This is why the decline in employment quality “is more structural than cyclical.”

One notable shift is that a smaller portion of the labour market now has higher bargaining power, or high-paying jobs, while a larger segment has lower bargaining power, he said. “This is the main reason why the income gap is rising, which I believe is the number one economic, social issue facing the country in this decade.”

The CIBC index tracks 3 components, all of which are showing a deterioration. The first indicated that the number of part-time positions has risen “much faster” than that of full-time jobs since the 1980s. (Over the past year, though, some of this has reversed as full-time jobs rose faster). Self-employment is another measure, as economists tend to view it as less stable &, on average, lower paying than salaried employment. The number of self-employed workers has been on a “steeper incline” over the past 25 years, & in the past year grew 4 times faster than the number of paid employees, the CIBC report said.
 
On compensation, the bank said low-paying full-time jobs have risen faster than mid-paying jobs over much of the past 2 decades, which in turn have risen more quickly than high-paying jobs. And in the past year “the job-creation gap between low- & high-paying jobs has widened,” with low-wage full-time paid positions rising at twice the pace of high-paying jobs.
 
The retail sector, which tends to be much lower-paying, is the largest source of employment by sector in Canada. It’s also a industry that may soon start to see job losses as Target ... & other retailers such as Sony, Smart Set & Mexx close shop amid fierce competition.
 
Definitions of job quality – & what constitutes “precarious” work – vary. Wilfred Laurier University economics professor Tammy Schirle cautioned against relying too heavily on assumptions that part-time work is necessarily of poorer quality than full-time employment.
 
Dr. Schirle noted that employers who offer flexible work schedules are often praised for accommodating work-life balance for families.

“We rally behind startups, innovators & the ambitious small-business owner, & then say the work they’ve created for themselves is substandard?” she said in an interview Thursday. “Part-time & self-employment often reflect poor-quality jobs, as does much of full-time employment, but that is not always the case. They are certainly important indicators of what is happening in our labour market, but I’m reluctant to use these as key indicators of job quality.”

It has been a difficult stretch for some job seekers. Going from laid off, to underemployed, to contract work, Richard Vanderbeek, 24, is now looking for a job – again. It’s something he has done 4 times in less than 3 years. He wants to start a career in customer service, but can’t seem to get his foot in the door.

“I’ve found that even customer-service jobs, some of them would require university programs & they’re still only offering minimum wage to start,” said Mr. Vanderbeek, who lives in Toronto. “Even with the amount of schooling you have to have to get it, there’s still no real incentive through pay.”

While finding work has been difficult, finding work that pays enough, offers enough hours to offset the cost of living & provides advancement opportunities has been next to impossible. After leaving culinary school unfinished, Mr. Vanderbeek worked at a delicatessen & then a butcher. The deli downsized & eliminated his position, & after 6 months with the butcher, he knew he had to make a change.

“I realized that my max earnings I could make was essentially $14 an hour,” Mr. Vanderbeek said. “I had to move on in order to find something that could pay me a little more down the line.”

Federal Employment Minister Pierre Poilievre responded to the CIBC report’s findings with a statement that said Canada’s job creation record is one of the strongest in the Group of Seven.

“Given the ongoing uncertainty in the global economy, it is important that our government continue to keep taxes low for families & job creators,” he said.
 
Mr. Tal, at CIBC, says the situation shows a mismatch in the labour market, where “we have many educated people are compromising on contract jobs, on self-employment jobs, low-paying jobs because they don’t have the skill-set that those high-paying jobs need. And that’s why their bargaining power isn’t as powerful.”
 
“We do need the young people to be a bit more practical about what they do, in terms of field of studies.”