Jerusalem at boiling point of polarization & violence - EU report

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/20/jerusalem-at-boiling-point-of-polarisation-and-violence-eu-report

A hard-hitting EU report on Jerusalem warns that the city has reached a dangerous boiling point of “polarisation & violence” not seen since the end of the second intifada in 2005.

Calling for tougher European sanctions against Israel over its continued settlement construction in the city – which it blames for exacerbating recent conflict – the leaked document paints a devastating picture of a city more divided than at any time since 1967, when Israeli forces occupied the east of the city.

The report has emerged amid strong indications that the Obama administration is also rethinking its approach to Israel & the Middle East peace process following the re-election of Binyamin Netanyahu as Israel’s prime minister.

According to reports in several US papers, this may include allowing the passage of a UN security council resolution restating the principle of a two-state solution.

The leaked report describes the emergence of a “vicious cycle of violence … increasingly threatening the viability of the two-state solution”, which it says has been stoked by the continuation of “systematic” settlement building by Israel in “sensitive areas” of Jerusalem.

In addition, the report blames tension over the status of the Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount complex as well as heavy-handed policing & punitive measures – including evictions & home demolitions by Israeli forces – for the escalating confrontation.

The document is prepared jointly every year by the heads of mission of the European countries represented in Jerusalem. The group advises EU foreign policymakers on the situation in the city while making recommendations for action.

For its part, Israel rejects the charge of illegal settlement-building in Jerusalem, claiming the city as its “undivided capital”.

The document paints a picture of a grim year of violence in Jerusalem that claimed the lives of 19 people, a total that includes a number of Palestinians involved in deadly attacks, the highest number of deaths in recent years.

Among the most high-profile incidents last year were the kidnap & murder of a young Palestinian from an East Jerusalem neighbourhood by Jewish extremists, a number of fatal attacks by Palestinians targeting Jews with cars, & a bloody attack on Jewish worshippers praying in a synagogue.

Describing Jerusalem as “one of the most emotive & problematic issues” in the Middle East peace process, the report says: “The tensions, mistrust & violence which have accompanied developments in the city in the course of the year have reached extremely high levels.

“These developments are increasingly threatening the viability of the two-state solution &, in turn, risk precipitating further levels of polarisation & violence.” In a bleak warning, the report continues: “2014 has been distinguished by a number of specific, disturbing & often violent developments” – noting a cycle of stone-throwing, terror attacks & heavy-handed tactics by Israeli police, which, if the root causes were not addressed, were likely to lead to “further escalation & extreme polarisation”.

“These incidents have occurred against the background of the systematic increase in settlement activity, tensions over the Haram al-Sharif & rising levels of tensions & acts of violence on both sides.” Placing part of the blame on Israel’s “unabated” policy of continued settlement construction, it adds: “The expansion of settlements has continued, including in highly sensitive areas … & [has] been followed in force by waves of demolitions & evictions.”

A second key factor identified by the report for the deteriorating security situation in Jerusalem is the continuing tensions over the Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount complex, which it blames on “serious radicalisation” on both sides.
The report notes: “Almost on a daily basis settlers & national religious activists have ascended on to the Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount under the protection of Israeli forces.”

A third factor the report identifies as fuelling polarisation is the heavy-handed policing of Palestinian areas of east Jerusalem, where additional Israeli forces sent to quell disturbances “have been engaged in recurrent violent confrontations with Palestinian youth that led to more than 1,300 arrests (with 40% of the detainees being minors)”.

An Israeli government spokesman said on Friday: “This is so extremely one sided a report that it distorts reality beyond comprehension.”

The disclosure of the report follows hard on the heels of a letter sent by chief Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat to Federica Mogherini, the EU’s top representative on foreign policy, calling on the European Union to take a tougher stance against Israel.

In the letter, Erekat demanded: “We believe it is time to focus all our efforts in saving the two-state solution from its total disappearance through holding Israel accountable of its violations of international law.”

Europe threatened by its own 'Clash of Civilizations'

A great opinion piece. Assimilation of immigrants is a 2-way street. When the indigenous population is not willing to help assimilate immigrants with jobs, education, & social & ethnic segregation, then immigrants with criminal intentions will do something regrettable to the indigenous population. Then, who is to blame here?
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The challenge, rising from below during these difficult years, comes from a different vision: One that sees the world & its peoples as divided into “civilizations,” fundamentally incompatible with one another. The most extreme holders of this vision, such as the Kouachi brothers in Paris or Anders Breivik in Norway, believe that this incompatibility is a material threat deserving a violent response. Others simply want to turn it into a political reality.

The first group comes from a criminal subgroup on the fringes of Europe’s Muslim populations.

France faces this problem most dramatically. It has the largest Muslim population in Europe, accounting for 8% of its people; they are also by most measures the most culturally & politically integrated religious-minority population in Europe: fluent, very secular, prone to intermarriage, very loyal to France, politically moderate. They’re not a new population, & have very small families, so are not growing much.

But they, like most European Muslims, are generally very poor, & excluded rather dramatically from France’s very closed employment & education systems. Among the young males who drop out of high school, there is a group – generally the least religious in origin – who are attracted to crime & political extremism.

This male, alienated sub-population is manipulated from abroad: The extremist armies of Syria, Iraq & Afghanistan have drawn some in, inculcated them with a “clash-of-civilizations” vision, radicalized them, & sent them back on deadly missions.

7 years ago, after an earlier moment of violence, I sat down with the ambitious mayor of a south Paris suburb with a large Muslim-immigrant population. He warned that the high-school dropout sons of poor but ambitious immigrants were at risk of extremism: “The root causes of the violence of course are still present, & it’s still a powder keg,” he said. “The poverty still exists – the ethnic segregation, the social segregation, the unemployment, people suffering from violent crime & also suffering from a sense of not being part of the national community.” He urged a politics of inclusion.

His name was Manuel Valls, and today he is the Prime Minister of France – launched to that position in good part by his response to this religious-minority alienation, a response that sadly was not as inclusive as his earlier words suggested.

That population is generally of Christian descent, more elderly, & politically conservative. While less frequently prone to violent acts of terrorism, they are an order of magnitude larger in population & pose an even bigger threat to Europe’s integrity.

In France, almost a fifth of the population has been willing to vote for an extremist party, the National Front, which is founded on the same clash-of-civilizations ideology that motivates the jihadis. As with the Islamic-extremist underclass, it targets Jews & pro-European liberals, & opposes European unity.

She, like her political cousins in Britain (Nigel Farage’s UK Independence Party) & the Netherlands (Geert Wilders’ Freedom Party) is an explicit supporter of, & is backed by, Russian President Vladimir Putin, who has turned the clash-of-civilizations ideology into his guiding mission (with the addition of an equally fictional third, “Eurasian,” civilization).

But Islamic-extremist attacks ... are intended not just to punish, but to polarize: Jihadis explicitly want a war of “civilizations” in Europe. If that other, larger group of divisive believers prevails at the ballot, then their mission will have succeeded.

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/europe-threatened-by-its-own-clash-of-civilizations/article22383222/